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Safe & Unsafe Foods

A mouse or rat’s diet should be built on a high-quality lab block or pellet food. This ensures they receive complete, balanced nutrition without the risk of deficiencies. I personally recommend brands like Mazuri and Oxbow Animal Health, which are widely trusted and formulated specifically for small animals.
​
Lab blocks should make up at least 90% of your pet’s diet.

The remaining 10% can be made up of fresh foods such as vegetables, leafy greens, grains, seeds, nuts, and small amounts of fruit. These additions are best used for enrichment, variety, and training treats—not as a replacement for their main diet.
​
I created this master list of safe and unsafe foods for mice and rats because it’s one of the most common questions I get. You can use it as a quick reference when deciding what to feed, what to avoid, and how to safely add variety to your pet’s diet. This will help you quickly determine what can be offered safely. Whether you’re building a foraging mix, choosing treats, or just asking “can they eat this?”, this list is designed to be a reliable, easy-to-use reference.

​
** A Note on the Order of These Items **

This list is organized based on how often these foods can be safely offered as treats, enrichment, or variety alongside a balanced lab block diet. It is not intended to represent a complete diet or be used to build one from scratch.

Creating a fully homemade diet for mice or rats requires advanced knowledge of their nutritional needs and careful balancing, and should only be done with proper research or guidance.

All foods listed here should make up no more than 10% of your pet’s total diet, with the remaining 90% coming from a high-quality lab block.

​* New foods should always be introduced slowly to avoid digestive upset

** See list of unsafe foods at the bottom of the page **
​​

Vegetables

Mice - 1-2 Teaspoons
Rats - 1-2 Tablespoons
​Can be offered daily in rotation

Vegetables are the best fresh food to offer and should make up the majority of your pet’s fresh diet. They’re low in sugar and high in nutrients, making them safe to give daily in small portions. A typical serving is about 1–2 teaspoon-sized pieces per mouse (or a small handful for rats), rotated for variety. Focus on a mix of colors and types to provide balanced nutrition.

* Cooked Vegetables should be cooked without butter, oil, or fats and should have no salt, spices, or other seasonings added. For many vegetables, steaming or boiling is the best method of cooking. However, most veggies can be served to your mice raw and are more nutritional that way.

Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Acorn Squash
Flesh - Raw or Cooked*
Highly nutritious
Great source of beta-carotene/vitamin A
Alfalfa Sprouts
Sprouts
nutrient Dense
Artichoke
Hearts, Small Pieces
Value
Asparagus
​(​Asparagus Officinalis)
Fresh or Steamed
Banana Pepper
Fresh Only
Not Pickled
Bean Sprouts
Sprouts
Beetroot
Root - Fresh or Cooked
Bell Pepper (red, yellow, green)
Fresh or Cooked
Rich in nutrients
Bok Choy
Fresh
Nutritious but high water content
Broccoli
Florets & Stalks
​Fresh or Cooked
Rich in nutrients
Brussels Sprouts
Fresh or Cooked
Very sparingly
​Can cause gas, leading to digestive upset
Butternut Squash
Flesh Only - Fresh or Cooked
Carrot
Root - Fresh or Cooked
​Head/Stalk - Fresh
High in Sugar (feed sparingly)
Cauliflower
Florets & Stalks
​Fresh or Cooked

Celery
*Cut into tiny pieces
* Strings are choking hazards
Chayote Squash
Flesh Only - Cooked
Value
Cherry Tomato
Ripe only
Very small amount
High sugar content
Could cause digestive upset
Corn, Sweet
Corn on or off the Cob
Fresh or Cooked
May cause constipation in large amounts
Cucumber
Cut into small pieces
​Fresh
High water content
Great way to keep mice hydrated during travel or transport
Delicate Squash
Flesh Only - Fresh or Cooked
Endive
Fresh or Cooked
Vitamin A, K, and Folate
Aids digestion
Grape Tomato
Ripe only
Very small amount
High sugar content
Could cause digestive upset
Green Beans
Fresh or Cooked
​Avoid Canned or Preserved
Hearts of Palm
Fresh or Cooked
If Canned, must be without added sodium
Vitamin A
Jicama
Raw white flesh only
No stems, leaves, or vines​
Value
Kabocha Squash/Japanese Pumpkin
Flesh Only - Fresh or Cooked
Kale
Fresh or Cooked
Give Sparingly
High in calcium
Lotus Root
Root is favored
Fresh or cooked
​Entire lotus plant is edible
Luffa Gourd/Loofah
Young, tender gourds
Fresh or cooked
Makes a great toy when dry
Mice love to chew it!
Okra
Pods - Fresh or Cooked
Vitamin C, antioxidants, & Fiber
Parsnip
Root Only
​Fresh or Cooked
Great source of carbs
Minerals - Manganese, Potassium, & Phosphorus
Vitamins C, K, and Folate
High in Starch! Give as a treat only!
Pattypan Squash
Flesh, Skin, & Seeds
Fresh or Cooked
Value
Peas
Both Pod & Inner Pea
Value
Pumpkin (NOT Decorative)
Flesh Only - Fresh or Cooked
Radish
Entire plant
Snap Peas
Both Pod & Inner Pea
Value
Spaghetti Squash
Inner Stringy Pulp (noodles)
​Fresh or Cooked
Sweet Pepper/Cubanelle Pepper
Pepper without Seeds
Tomatillo
Ripe Only
​Very small amounts
Tomato
Ripe Only
​Very small amounts
Turnip
Turnip Root - Fresh or Cooked
Turnip Tops - Fresh
Water chestnuts
White Crunchy Flesh
​Fresh
Yellow Squash
Flesh, Skin, & Seeds
​Fresh or Cooked
Zucchini
Flesh, Skin, & Seeds
​Fresh or Cooked

Lettuces & Greens

Mice - 1 Small leaf or 1 Teaspoon
Rats - 1-2 Small leaves or 1-2 Tablespoons
Daily or several times per week

Lettuces and leafy greens are great for hydration and variety, but many are less nutrient-dense than other vegetables. They can be offered daily or several times per week in small amounts. A typical portion is a small leaf or a few bite-sized pieces per mouse. Rotate different greens to avoid overfeeding any one type, especially those high in oxalates.
Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Arugula
Fresh - Well Washed
Baby Greens Mix
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Well Washed
Value
Beet Greens
Fresh - Well Washed
Value
Butter Lettuce
Fresh - Well Washed
Collard Greens
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Well Washed
Escarole
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Green Leaf Lettuce
Fresh
Iceburg Lettuce
Fresh
Little Gem Lettuce
Fresh
Mizuna
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Well Washed
Mustard Greens
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Well Washed
Oak Leaf Lettuce
Fresh
Radish Greens
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Well Washed
Red Leaf Lettuce
Fresh
Romaine Lettuce
Fresh
Spinach
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Well Washed
Spring Mix
Fresh
Swiss Chard
Lightly Steamed
Tatsoi
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Well Washed
Turnip Greens
Fresh or Lightly Steamed
Well Washed

Grains & Carbs

Mice - 1/2 - 1 Teaspoon
Rats 1-2 Teaspoons
A few times per week

Grains and other whole-food carbs provide energy but are already included in balanced lab blocks, so they should be offered as a supplement, not a staple. These can be given a few times per week in very small portions—about ½–1 teaspoon per mouse. Choose plain, unseasoned options and avoid anything heavily processed.
Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Amaranth
Seeds, Leaves, & Young Stems
Value
Barley
Grain/Seed
​Whole or Rolled/Flaked
Value
Bran Flakes
Unsweetened
Brown Rice
Cooked
Buckwheat
Cooked or Sprouted
Cheerios
Low Sugar
Cornmeal
Sprinkle in bedding for foraging
Couscous
Boil (like pasta)
Crackers
Plain, Low Salt
Whole Grain
Bite Sized Pieces
Farro
Raw or Cooked
Glass noodles/Rice noodles
Plain, Unsalted, Unseasoned
​Boiled
Grits
Plain - Cooked or Uncooked
Millet
In Sprays or Individual Seeds
​Sprinkle in bedding for foraging
Oatmeal
Plain - Cooked or Uncooked
Oats
Plain - Cooked or Uncooked
Pasta
Plain, Cooked
Polenta
Plain, No salt or seasonings
Popcorn
Plain, Air Popped, No Butter
Pretzels
Plain, Low Salt
Crunchy Variety
Puffed Rice Cereal
Unsweetened
Quinoa
Raw or Cooked
​No seasonings
Rye
Cooked or Uncooked
​No seasonings
Shredded Wheat
No sugar
Sorghum/Milo
Serve as Sprays or Individual Grains
Spelt
Raw and Dry
Teff
R​aw and Dry
Toast
Tiny Pieces
​No butter or sugar
Tortilla
Tiny Pieces
Plain
Wheat berries
Raw, Boiled, or Sprouted
White Rice
Cooked
Small amounts
Whole Grain Cereal
Low Sugar/Unsweetened
Whole Wheat Bread
Tiny Pieces
Stale is Safer & Healthier than Fresh
Wild Rice
Cooked
Small amounts
Value

Herbs

Mice - Small Pinch
Rats - Larger Pinch
A Few Times per Week or as Forage
Herbs are best used for enrichment, flavor, and variety rather than as a primary food source. They are typically safe in small amounts and can be offered a few times per week or sprinkled lightly into foraging areas. A typical serving is a small pinch per mouse. Strong herbs should be used sparingly.
Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Alfalfa
Fresh or Dried
​Great for enrichment
Anise Hyssop
Strong Flavor/Scent (like licorice) - Mice/rats may not like it
Use Fresh or Dried
Basil
Fresh is Best
Beet Greens
Safe for Mice, Not Good for Rats
​Cooked or Uncooked
Calendula/ Marigold
Dried or Fresh
High in Fiber
Carrot Tops
Fresh
Chamomile
Fresh Flowers or Dried
Chickweed (Stellaria media)
Fresh or Dried
Vitamins A, B, C, &D
Calcium, Potassium, & Iron
Chicory
Leaves & Root, Fresh
Cilantro
Fresh
Vitamins A, C, & K
Clover
Fresh
​Red & White are both good
Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii)
Fresh or Dried
Offers many health benefits
​Good source of Antioxidants
Dandelion, Root
Whole Plant is Edible
​Dried or Fresh
Dill
Fresh Herb & Seeds
Value
Echinacea
Dried
Fennel
Fronds, Bulbs, & Stalks
Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum)
Fresh Leaves
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Fresh or Dried
Has calming benefits
Supports digestion
Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
Leaves & stems
​Fresh or Dried
* Toxic to Cats & Dogs
Mint
Nettle
Dried is Best
Fresh has Stingers that can Hurt Mice
Oregano
Fresh or Dried Leaves
Parsley
Fresh or Dried Leaves
Plantain leaf
Radish Tops
Saffron
NOT Meadow Saffron (it's toxic)
Sage
Fresh or Dried Leaves
Salad Burnet
Sweet Marjoram
Thyme
Limit for Rats (More sensitive to smell)
Timothy Grass
Turnip Tops

Protein Sources

Mice - Pea sized Portion 
Rats - Bean sized to Small Bite (1-2 teaspoons depending on source)
1-2 Times per Week
Protein is important for overall health but should be given in moderation, especially for adult mice and rats. Offer protein-rich foods 1–2 times per week in small amounts, such as a pea-sized portion per mouse. Too much protein can lead to long-term health issues, so keep servings controlled and occasional.
Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Baby Food, Chicken
Value
Baby Food, Turkey
Value
Black Beans
Chicken
Chickpeas
Crickets
Edamame/Soybeans
Eggs
Fish
Grasshoppers
Kidney Beans
Mealworms
Shrimp
Split Peas
Tofu
Tuna, in Water
Turkey

Seeds & Nuts

Mice - 1-2 Seeds or a Tiny Nut Piece
Rats - 2-4 Seeds or a Small Nut Piece
2-3 Times per Week or Less

Seeds and nuts are very high in fat, making them ideal as treats or foraging rewards rather than regular food. These should be offered sparingly—about 2–3 times per week or less. A typical portion is 1–2 small seeds or a tiny nut piece per mouse. Overfeeding can quickly lead to weight gain.
Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Acorns
Almonds*
*Roasted Only!!
*Never feed raw almonds
Value
Amaranth Seeds
Value
Value
Canary Seeds
Value
Cashews
Chia Seeds
Chickpeas
Cumin Seeds
Flax Seeds
Hazelnuts
Hemp seeds
Hickory Nuts
Lentils, Sprouted
Mung Beans, Sprouted
Pecans
Pine nuts
Pistachios
Pumpkin Seeds
Safflower Seed
Sesame Seeds
Squash Seeds
Sunflower Seeds
Walnuts

Fruit

Mice - Pea sized Piece
Rats - Grape sized Piece (or 1-2 Teaspoons chopped)
1-2 Times per Week

Fruits are high in natural sugars and should be treated as occasional treats. Offer fruit 1–2 times per week in very small amounts. A typical serving is a small, pea-sized piece per mouse. Too much fruit can cause digestive upset and contribute to weight gain.
Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Apple
Value
Apricot
Banana
Blackberries
Blueberries
Cantaloupe
Cherry
Coconut
Coconut Flakes
Cranberries
Date
Dragon Fruit
Fig
Goji Berries
Gooseberries
Guava
Honeydew
Jackfruit
Kiwi
Lychee
Mulberries
Nectarine
Papaya
Passionfruit
Peach
Pear
Persimmon
Pineapple
Plantain
Plum
Pomegranate seeds
Prickley Pear
Raspberries
Soursop
Starfruit
Strawberries
Watermelon
Watermelon Rind

Flowers

Mice - Small Pinch of Petals
Rats - Larger Pinch
Occasional / Enrichment Use

Flowers are mainly used for enrichment and variety, with minimal nutritional value. They can be offered occasionally or as part of foraging mixes. A typical serving is a small pinch of petals per mouse. Always ensure flowers are safe, pesticide-free, and properly identified.

Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Apple Blossom
​
Borage Flower
Cape Jasmine (Gardenia jasminoides)
Cornflower
Cosmos
Dandelion​
Hibiscus
Hollyhock
Magnolia Petals
Nasturtium
Pansy
Pear Blossom
Petunia
Plum Blossoms
Pumpkin Blossoms
Red Clover Blossoms
Rose
Hips - Fresh or dried
​Petals - Fresh or dried
Rose Petals
Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus)
Squash Blossoms
Sunflower petals
Sunflower, Heads
Viola
White Clover Blossoms (Trifolium repens)
Yucca Flowers
Zinnia
Zucchini Blossoms

Very Tiny Treats

Mice - Crumb Sized piece
Rats - Small bite sized piece
Very Rarely

Treats include processed or “human” foods and should be given very rarely. These are not necessary for a healthy diet and should make up a tiny fraction of intake—only occasional use. A typical serving is a crumb or very small bite per mouse. Focus on keeping treats simple, plain, and infrequent.
Food
Parts & Prep
Notes
Applesauce
Value
Baby Food
Baby Snack Puffs
Banana
Biscuit
Bread Crust
Fruit, Dried
Jam or Jelly
Muffin
Oat Bran
Value
Olives, Black
Olives, Green
Value
Pancake
Peanut Butter*
Very thin smear
​*Can be a choking hazard
Potato
Rice Cakes
Sweet Potato
Waffle
Wheat Germ
Yogurt

DO NOT FEED MICE THESE FOODS!

Almond Butter - Choking Hazard, High in Fat, may contain toxic cyanic acid
Almonds - Raw Almonds have cyanic acid, which is toxic to mice & rats (roasted is ok)
Anaheim Pepper - Too Spicy
Avocado - Contains a toxin called persin which can cause serious digestive issues
Bamboo Shoots - Highly indigestable and potentially toxic
Bay Leaf - Used to deter mice & rats, also a choking hazard
Bitter Melon - Safe, but unpleasant to mice 
Bottle Gourd - Decorative gourds contain cucurbitacin, which can cause gastrointestinal distress or vomiting
Brazil Nuts - too high in selenium which can cause selenium toxicity
Cabbage - Can cause dangerous gas or discomfort
Catnip - May cause seizures, Can act as an unsafe stimulant, Can cause respiratory issues and upset stomach
Cheese - Mice are largely lactose intolerant and lack the enzymes to digest dairy properly
Chives - Can cause digestive upset
Chrysanthemum* - edible variety is okay, but can be difficult to tell apart from non-edible
Corn, Dried - May contain fungi that can cause serious harm
Cottage Cheese - Mice and Rats are lactose intolerant
Currants/Raisins - Toxic to mice and rats, Can cause acute kidney injury
Eggplant - If not fully cooked, it can be toxic
Elderberries* - Raw or unripe berries can be toxic due to cyanide-producing glycosides. I know they can have them, but I wouldn't chance it myself.
Grapes - Choking hazard, Can cause diarrhea die to high water content
Honey - Too high in sugar, choking hazard
Impatiens - Toxic to mice and rats
Juniper Berries - Only safe for wild mice who have adapted to them
Lavender - Strong scent is a natural mouse repellant, Can be harmful to their respiratory system
Leek - From the Onion Family - Can cause digestive upset
Lemon - High acidity
Lemongrass - Citral in Lemongrass repels mice & rats
Lentils - Can cause gas or bloating
Macadamia Nuts - Very high in fat, Can cause digestive upset
Mango - May cause cancer in rodents
Marigold - Repels mice and rats
Onion - 
Orange Blossom - Avoid for male rats - contains d-limonene which can cause kidney toxicitiy
Oranges - High acidity content
Peanuts - High in fat and calories
Poblano Peppers -Can be too spicy for rodents
Poppy Seeds - May be dangerous in high qualities, best not to risk it
Potato, Raw - Raw potatoes, green potatoes, & potato peels contain colanine, a toxic compound
Rhubarb - Poisonous to mice and rats
Shepherd's Purse - Can induce labor in pregnant mice & rats
Sweet Potato, Raw - can be hard to digest, Contains harmful compounds
Tangerine - High acidity content
Walnuts, Black - Toxic
Watermelon Seeds - Can cause indigestion


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